《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(9): 1761-1771

高羊茅雄性不育小孢子败育的细胞学及生理生化特性

陈伟, 付薇, 吴佳海, 钟理, 王小利, 韩永芬^*, 舒健虹

贵州省草业研究所, 贵阳550006

通信作者：韩永芬；E-mail: 442694189 @qq.com

摘　要：

以高羊茅不育株ms6111和可育株MF111为试验材料, 对其小孢子母细胞减数分裂和雄配子体发育过程及其相关的生理生化特征进行研究。结果表明, ms6111的小孢子母细胞从减数分裂前期I至单核靠边期明显存在着落后染色体、染色体桥和断片、微核、单价染色体、不均等分离、分裂不同步、游离染色体、三分体、五分体、60°纺锤体、染色体缺失、染色体减少等异常现象, 初步分析这些异常现象是导致ms6111花粉败育的重要细胞学原因。造孢细胞期至散粉期, ms6111花药中的游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量、SOD、CAT活性显著低于同时期的MF111, 但MDA含量、POD活性却始终高于MF111, 随着小孢子发育, MDA含量和POD活性呈逐步上升趋势。体内糖类物质、抗氧化酶代谢紊乱、游离脯氨酸亏损及MDA积累可能是引起ms6111小孢子败育的生理学原因之一。

关键词：高羊茅; 雄性不育; 小孢子发育; 生理生化

收稿：2017-05-19   修定：2017-08-03

资助：贵州省科学技术基金(J20132151)和高层次创新型人才培养项目(RC20164024)。

Cytology, physiological and biochemical characterization in microspore abortion of male sterile plant in Festuca arundinacea

CHEN Wei, FU Wei, WU Jia-Hai, ZHONG Li, WANG Xiao-Li, HAN Yong-Fen^*, SHU Jian-Hong

Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guiyang 550006, China

Corresponding author: HAN Yong-Fen; E-mail: 442694189 @qq.com

Abstract:

The study was conducted to investigate the microspore’s mitosis, male gametophyte development process and the abortive physiological and biochemical characters of male sterile plant ms6111 and male fertile plant MF111 of Festuca arundinace. Results indicated that abnormal chromosome behaviors existed in PMCs from prophase I stage to late uninucleate stage, including a mass of lagging chromosome, bridge fragments, micronucleus, univalent chromosome, unequal separation, asynchronous division, free chromosomes, triad, pentads, triangle spindles, chromosome deletion and reduction, which were important cytological reasons for abortive pollen of tall fescue. From sporogenous cell period to pollinating period, the contents of free proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar and the activity of SOD and CAT in anther of male sterile plant sms6111 were markedly lower than those in anther of male fertile plant MF111. The contents of malondialdehyde and the activity of POD in anther of ms6111 were always higher than those in anther of MF111. As microspore’s growth and development, the contents of malondialdehyde and the activity of POD showed an increasing tendency. Soluble sugar and antioxidant enzyme metabolic disorder, free proline loss and malondialdehyde accumulation may lead to male sterility of ms6111.

Key words: tall fescue; male sterile; microspore development; physiological and biochemical character